The International Monetary Fund reported that Latin America and the Caribbean are experiencing better-than-expected economic recovery but at different speeds across countries. In its latest "Regional Economic Outlook - Western Hemisphere" report, the international lender said that growth continues to gather momentum in the region, driven primarily by a strong rebound in private consumption and improved external conditions. For 2010, regional GDP is expected to grow by 4 percent, after contracting by 1.8 percent in 2009. The report sees however marked differences in the outlook across countries.

"The priorities are to allow significant flexibility of the exchange rate, to maintain fiscal discipline and to use fiscal policy to lean against excessive demand growth, and to use macroprudential policies to keep financial systems stable."

"Overall, we expect a good performance for the LAC economies in 2010," said Nicolas Eyzaguirre, Director of the IMF's Western Hemisphere Department. "But within that regional picture, countries with strong ties to global financial markets are likely to stage a more vigorous recovery, helped by their access to ample external financing and by strong prices for their commodity exports. On the other hand, some of the smaller economies will experience more sluggish growth, and some of those will even contract. Accordingly, policy approaches will have to vary considerably to ensure a sustainable recovery across countries."

For the purpose of analyzing the regional outlook, the report divides LAC countries into four groups: 1) countries that are exporters of commodities and have full access to global financial markets (including Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru); 2) other commodity exporters; 3) commodity importers that rely heavily on foreign tourism (mainly Caribbean countries); and, 4) other commodity importing countries (including many in Central America that rely on remittances from workers abroad).

For the first group of countries, the challenge is how to best manage the upswing in the business cycle amid very favorable external conditions. As economic activity recovers, and inflation and output gaps close, there will be a need to phase out macroeconomic policy stimulus, starting with the fiscal side, especially where private demand is gaining strong momentum. For some of the other commodity exporting countries, a key policy challenge will be to break from past patterns of fiscal pro-cyclicality as government revenue rises along with commodity export prices. For many commodity importing countries, where the room for macroeconomic stimulus has been almost depleted, the remaining space should be prudently saved and replenished if possible to address potential downside risk scenarios. In tourism dependent countries where activity has been hurt by weak employment conditions in the advanced economies, the policy focus should be on easing hardships on the poor and maintaining macroeconomic stability.

As for the United States and Canada, with recovery under way, the near term policy focus is turning toward exit strategies. Stimulus is appropriately being maintained to support growth. But for the United States attention will soon need to turn to getting fiscal imbalances under control. In particular, crafting a strong medium-term consolidation strategy to underpin confidence in fiscal sustainability will be essential.